Chinés

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Chinés
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Parlat en	China, Taiwan, Singapor, Indonesia, Filipinas, Japon e autres païses que comptan de comunautats chinesas dins lo mond.
Parlat per	mai d'1,3 miliard de personas
Classament pel nombre de locutors	1^ena
Tipologia	SVO + SOV [1]
Familha lingüistica	- Lengas sinotibetanas - Lengas chinesas - Variantas del chinés
Estatut oficial
Lenga oficiala de	China, Taiwan, Singapor
ISO 639-1	zh (en)
ISO 639-2 (B)	chi (en)
ISO 639-2 (T)	zho (en)
ISO 639-3	zho (en)
Tipe	L (lenga viva)
Mòstra
Article primièr de la Declaracion dels Dreches Umans (vejatz lo tèxt en occitan) 第一条人人生而自由, 在尊严和权利上一律平等。他们赋有理性和良心, 并应以兄弟关系的精神相对待。

Lo chinés o las lengas siniticas (中国语文, Zhōnggúo yǔwén o 中文, Zhōngwén) es una familha de lengas mutualament compreensiblas ^[1] a de grases divèrses.

A l'origina son las lengas indigènas parladas pels chineses Han en China, e constituís una de las doas brancas de la familha de las lengas sinotibetanas. Aperaquí un cinquen de la populacion mondiala, siá mai d'un miliard de personas, parlan una forma de chinés coma lenga mairala. L'identificacion de las varietats de chinés coma "dialèctes" e non pas "lengas" es considerada inapropriada per d'unes lingüistas e sinologistas.^[2]

Lo chinés parlat se destria per un naut nivèl de diversitat intèrna, e mai que totas las varietats de chinés sián tonalas e analiticas.

Diferentas lengas siniticasModificar

Gan Chinese, lo còdi ISO 639 qu'ei gan
Hakka Chinese, lo còdi ISO 639 qu'ei hak
Huizhou Chinese, lo còdi ISO 639 qu'ei czh
Jinyu Chinese, lo còdi ISO 639 qu'ei cjy
Literary Chinese, lo còdi ISO 639 qu'ei lzh
Mandarin Chinese, lo còdi ISO 639 qu'ei cmn
Min Bei Chinese, lo còdi ISO 639 qu'ei mnp
Min Dong Chinese, lo còdi ISO 639 qu'ei cdo
Min Nan Chinese, lo còdi ISO 639 qu'ei nan
Min Zhong Chinese, lo còdi ISO 639 qu'ei czo
Pu-Xian Chinese, lo còdi ISO 639 qu'ei cpx
Wu Chinese, lo còdi ISO 639 qu'ei wuu
Xiang Chinese, lo còdi ISO 639 qu'ei hsn
Yue Chinese, lo còdi ISO 639 qu'ei yue

ReferénciasModificar

↑
*David Crystal, The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Language (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987) , p. 312. “The mutual unintelligibility of the varieties is the main ground for referring to them as separate languages.”
- Charles N. Li, Sandra A. Thompson. Mandarin Chinese: A Functional Reference Grammar (1989), p 2. “The Chinese language family is genetically classified as an independent branch of the Sino-Tibetan language family.”
- Jerry Norman. Chinese (1988), p.1. “The modern Chinese dialects are really more like a family of language.
- John DeFrancis. The Chinese Language: Fact and Fantasy (1984), p.56. "To call Chinese a single language composed of dialects with varying degrees of difference is to mislead by minimizing disparities that according to Chao are as great as those between English and Dutch. To call Chinese a family of languages is to suggest extralinguistic differences that in fact do not exist and to overlook the unique linguistic situation that exists in China."
↑ Mair, Victor H. (1991). What Is a Chinese "Dialect/Topolect"? Reflections on Some Key Sino-English Linguistic Terms (PDF).

Ligams intèrnesModificar

Mandarin estandard

Ligams extèrnesModificar

Lexicòt occitan-chinés (un drin mensh de 500 arreviradas)

Portal de las lengas

[1] *David Crystal, The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Language (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987) , p. 312. “The mutual unintelligibility of the varieties is the main ground for referring to them as separate languages.”
Charles N. Li, Sandra A. Thompson. Mandarin Chinese: A Functional Reference Grammar (1989), p 2. “The Chinese language family is genetically classified as an independent branch of the Sino-Tibetan language family.”

Jerry Norman. Chinese (1988), p.1. “The modern Chinese dialects are really more like a family of language.

John DeFrancis. The Chinese Language: Fact and Fantasy (1984), p.56. "To call Chinese a single language composed of dialects with varying degrees of difference is to mislead by minimizing disparities that according to Chao are as great as those between English and Dutch. To call Chinese a family of languages is to suggest extralinguistic differences that in fact do not exist and to overlook the unique linguistic situation that exists in China."

[2] Charles N. Li, Sandra A. Thompson. Mandarin Chinese: A Functional Reference Grammar (1989), p 2. “The Chinese language family is genetically classified as an independent branch of the Sino-Tibetan language family.”

[3] Jerry Norman. Chinese (1988), p.1. “The modern Chinese dialects are really more like a family of language.

[4] John DeFrancis. The Chinese Language: Fact and Fantasy (1984), p.56. "To call Chinese a single language composed of dialects with varying degrees of difference is to mislead by minimizing disparities that according to Chao are as great as those between English and Dutch. To call Chinese a family of languages is to suggest extralinguistic differences that in fact do not exist and to overlook the unique linguistic situation that exists in China."

[Mair-2] Mair, Victor H. (1991). What Is a Chinese "Dialect/Topolect"? Reflections on Some Key Sino-English Linguistic Terms (PDF).

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